Hans geokg jakob stang



(No Model') H. G. J. STANG.

OPTICAL RECORDING INSTRUMENT.

Patented Ngv. 15, 1887.

INVENTUR- wlTNEsSEs y of the army and navy; and my object is toy UNITEDSTATES PATENT OEEICE,

HANS GEORG JAKOB STANG, OF OHRISTIANIA, NORWAY.

OPTICAL RECORDING-INSTRUMENT.

l SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 373,206, datedNovember 15, 1887.

Application filed April14, 1887. Serial No. 234,751. (No model) Patentedin Sweden April 17, 1886, No. 654; in Norway Apm'l 21, 1886, N o. 87; inFrance April 24, 1886, No. 175,739; in Germany April 28, 1836, No,37,912; in England May 3, 1886, No. 5,996,

and in Italy June 30, 1886, No. 244.

.To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HANs GEORG JAKOB STANG, a citizen of the Kingdom ofNorway, and a resident of Christiania, Norway, have invented an ImprovedInstrument Styled an Orograph (for which patents have been granted inSweden, April 17, 1886, No. 654; in Norway, April 21, 1886, No. 87 5 inFrance, April 24, 1886, No. 175,739; in Germany, April 28, 1886, No.37,912; in England, May 3, '1886, No. 5,996, and in Italy, No. 244, June30, 1886,) of which the following is a specication.

My invented relates to mathematical instruments of the characteremployed by engineers produce an optical recording instrument, whichwill vbe hereinafter fully and carefully described.

The object of this instrument is to enable an engineer at a station, theheight of which above an adjacent water-level is known, to transferdirectly upona map placed under the instrument the motion of an objecton the water-surface, or, in general, to enable him to determine on themap a line upon the water. The instrument may thus be employed in thecase of submarine mines or torpedo defenses by following from a stationthe motion of` a vessel by means of the telescope, whereby a wire crossin the instrument will follow on the map, on which the positions of themines are marked out, the route of the vessel and indicate its position.For measuring up coasts with the instrument, the telescope is directedalong the configuration of the coast when a drawing-pen in theinstrument traces it upon the map on the scale for which the instrumentis adjusted.

Figure l in the annexed drawings shows the instrument in side elevat-ionmounted on the table, upon which table the map is placed.. Fig. 2 showsthe instrument in plan. Fig. 3 shows the upper part of the instrument,on a larger scale,viewed from the ocular end of the telescope.

B is a table or board, upon which the map is placed in front of theinstrument. Y

m is the platform of the instrument, which turns or swings on a verticalpivot, P, by means of whichy the whole instrument is secured to thetable. At the ends of the platform m there are or may be small rollersa, in order that the instrument may be easily turned on the pivot P, butnevertheless remain steady. On the platform m an upright standard, S, issecured, supporting a gutter, U, pivoted at O. The telescope K issecured at the forward part of the gutter by means of a pivot, R. At theocular end of the telescope, in the gutter, is ascrew,W, supporting it.On the platform m are also secured a guide-plate, D, and a bar, V,staying the former and supporting in bearings the shafts of two pinions,t t', gearing with one another. The lower one of these pinions, t',gears also with a toothed arc or curved rack, T, secured to the gutterU.

In the fore part, m', of the platform m,which extends forward of pivotP, there is a slideway, e, in which a slide, E, is mounted and plays.This slide has a comparatively large opening in it, across which a wirecross, E', extends.

is connected in the same manner with a bar, a', traversing and movablethrough a sleeve, a, secured to the shaft of pinion t.

The slide E is coupled to a linkbar, c, by means ofajoint, and thelink-bar In the guide-plate D isa narrow groove, b b

b b, (which may be more or less deep,) and in the axis of the joint,where the bars c and a are coupled together, is fixed a pin, c', the tipof which engages the groove b b, and said pin has a handle, C, wherebyit may be conveniently caused to follow the groove b b.

The screw W should be provided with some sort of division or scalewhereby the telescope K may be accurately adj usted with respect togutter U. The barc is made extensible, so that it can be shortened orprolonged,by means of a sleeve, d, and set-screw d', whereby the wirecross E may be adjusted with respect to the starting-point of the grooveb b above the pivot P.

The construction of the instrument being now described, it is easy tounderstand its working. When the instrument has been mounted, the rearpart of the same is grasped with one hand in order to turn theinstrument horizontally. The handle C is grasped with the other hand andmanipulated so that the point c will follow grooveb b. The bar a beingswung in this manner it rotates or partially turns the pinion t, thusturning the pinion t', which meshes with the toothed rack T. By thislneans the inclination of the telescope K is changed or varied, and inturning the instrument horizontally and following groove b b with thehandle C the motion of an object on the water may be followed by meansof the telescope. As may be seen, owing to the construction of theinstrument, the wire cross E', moving simultaneously with the telescope,will both pivot on the pivot l? and approach or recede from the same.The table B of the iustrument is adjusted to stand level or horizontal,and the map is placed in front of the instrument, so that the situationon the map of the place of observation coincides with the pivot P of theinstrument, and so that the points on the map correspond with the realones-that is to say, the map is orientated like a plane-table. Vhen anobject moving upon the water is followed by the telescope, the motion ofthe telescope will ordinarily partake both of a horizontal and verticalmotion.

By the above it will be perceived that the longitudinal wire of the wirecross E of slide E, when following the object with the telescope, willalways be placed on the map in the same direction as the object. Themotion of the telescope in a vertical direction is determined by theincrease or decrease of the distance of the object in such a manner thata given distance corresponds with a certain augle which thc axis of thetelescope makes with a vertical line. Vhen the pin c', as indicated onthe drawings, stands at the lower point of the groove b b, the wirecross E will occupy its most distant position on thc map, and thetelescope must then make a corresponding angle with t-he vertical 1ine.`This starting position will vary with the height of the instrument abovethe water-leveLwherefore the instrument must previous to use becarefully adjusted by means of the screw W and by regulating the lengthof the bar c. The curvature or form of the groove b b also Varies withthe height of the instrument above the waterlevel at the time theobservation is taken, and plates having grooves of different forms andsuited to these varying heights of the instrument may be employed, suchplates being adapted for attachment to and removal from plate D; but itis possible by adjusting the parts of the instrument to cause threepoints of the curves of the different grooves to coincide, and as theshape of the grooves is not varied very much there'is no need tosubstitute grooves of different forms unlessthe water-level has sunk orrisen at least one meter.

The rectilinear part of the groove b b passes, as may be seen, ifprolonged, through the shaft of pinion t. Thus the telescope will notchange position if the pin c in the terminal point of bar c be movedfrom one end to the other of this rectilinear part of the groove.Likewise the position of the wire cross E will be the 7C same if the pinc be at the upper or lower part of the said rectilinear part ofthegroove.

If the instrument is to be used for coastmeasuring,there is generally nofixed point to depart from. irst be adj usted for a height of nil 7meters by means of screw WV. The optical axis is then adjustedhorizontally by means of a liquid level on the telescope. Then suchpositions are given to the bar c and to the tele- 8o scope as are suitedto the real height of the instrument, after which it is ready for use.

I have represented the groove b b b merely by a single line in Fig. l,as that will suflice to show its form. the base m, which has theslideway e formed in it, may be narrow, as shown in Fig. 2. The curve ofthe rack T will be drawn from O as a center. The map over which the wirecross Eplays may be, for example, a map,on a small 9o scale, of a harboroverlooked from the station at which the instrument is placed, and theexact position of submarine mines or torpedoes in the harbor may beaccurately laid down on,

this map. Now, if the instrument be properly set and its parts properlyadjusted, when the telescope is directed at the spot on the waterlevelwhere a torpedo is sunk, the wire cross E will stand over the spot' onthe map indicating the position of said torpedo; and if the Iootelescope be kept constantly directed at a moving vessel in the waterthe wire cross E will follow the track of said vessel on the map. Anyforni of indicator may be substituted for the wire cross Eas a pencil,for example- 105 which will trace the vessels course on the map.

As in constructing the instrument it is im-v portant to know what formand curvature to give to the groove b b, I will now explain how 11ometers distant, and so on, the objects being x25 one hundred metersapart. The positions of these several objects will also be noted on themap in front of the instrument. Now direct the telescope at the firstand most distant object and set the wire cross E to the point on 13o themap representing that object, the bar c being placed in a horizontalposition. Pin

Therefore the telescope must 7 5 TheA front portion, m, of 85 In thefirst place, when placed at a Floating objects, 12o

c will now stand at the lower end of the groove b, or at `theV initialstarting-point of said groove, as seen in Fig. l. This initial point ofthe groove is constant for all forms of grooves. Note or mark thisinitial point on plate D, or on a plate secured thereto. Next swing backbar a until the telescope is sufficiently depressed to bear on thesecond object, two thousand nine hundred meters distant, and slide bar aupward through sleeve ct, thus drawing back bar c and Wire cross Euntill the latter coincides with the point on the map which correspondsto the said second anchored 'obj ect. Pin c will nowvstand ata point ingroove b, which may be noted. Thus two points in the groove b will havebeen determined, and the remaining points may be determined in preciselythe same manner. After thev determination of the several points a linemay be traced th rough them, which will determine the form of the grooveaudits position on plate D.

In lieu of actually anchoring objects in the water, it will be obviousto the experienced engineer that, knowing the elevation of hisinstrument above the water-1evel and the distances, he can. by using avertical limb or arc, depress the telescope to the proper anglesthat isto say, he may -readily ascertain by calculation the degree ofdepression required to cause the telescope to bear on an object placedat a given distance away on the Water. Of course the distances andspacing of the anchored objects here given are purely arbitrary.

Having thus described my invention, I claim- 1. An instru-ment fordetermining upon a map the course of an object upon a horizontalsurface, as a vessel on the Water, consisting of a telescope pivotallymounted on aV horizontal axis in a support mounted on a vertical axis, aslideway attached to said support and having its axis parallel withthatof the telescope, an indicator mounted in said slideway, a bar, c,coupled at one end to said indicator, and its other end to a bar, a',gearing, substantially as described, whereby the lateral vibration ofbar a is caused to impart motion tothe telescope on its pivotal axis,avertically-arranged plate having a groove, b, of the characterdescribed, and a pin, c', at -the point Where the bars a and c arecoupled'together, said pin engaging said groove b, substantially'as setforth.

2. In an orograph instrument, the combination, with a table, B, of thebase m, pivotally mounted thereon at P, and provided with a guideway, e,the holder or gutter U, pivotally mounted on base m, the telescope,pivotally mounted in said gutter and provided with an adj listing-screw,W, the curved rack T on the gutter, the intermeshing pinions t and t',rofatively mounted in a support on base m, and pinion Yt in mesh withrack T, the cross sleeve or guide a, secured to the shaft of pinion t,the bar a', mounted in sleeve a" and capable of sliding therein, the barc, coupled at one end to bar a and at the other end to a slide, E,thesaid slide E mounted in slideway e, and provided with an indicator orWire cross, E', the guide-plate D, with a groove, b b, the handle G atthe coupling of bars aan'd c, and the pin c', engaging the groove b b,all arranged to operate substantially as set forth.

3.- An instrument for ascertaining cartographically the course of anobject moving on a horizontal plane, consisting of a base-plate, m,mounted on a vertical axis and provided With'a slideway projecting outover a map of the said plane surface, a slide bearing an indicatormounted in said slideway, a telescope pivotally mounted on a horizontalaxis on a plate, fm, a vertical guide-plate, D, and bars a 0, jointedtogether and connecting the telescope with said indicator-slide, saidbars being guided' in such a manner vthat the indicator will follow onthe map the course of an object seen through and followed by thetelescope.

VIn testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two Witnesses.

HANS GEORG JAKOB STANG.

